The Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066)
Beowulf
"The Monsters and the Critics"
Okay choices, I guess. The Dream of the Rood from the Vercelli Book might be a better choice than Monsters and the Critics.
The Medieval (Middle English) Period (1066-1485)
Chaucer's Dream Visions (one or two)
Le Morte D'Arthur (pieces of it)
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight should be in here, wonderful poem.
The Renaissance (1485-1660) (Where we all sculpt and paint and stuff)
A Midsummer Night's Dream
Paradise Lost is 7 years out of the timeframe you've set down, but I still think it would be worth a look, it's one of the more iconic of British literature.
The Restoration (1660-1798)
This one's hard. The Restoration was a time of logic, reason, and satire more than fantasy and the fantastic. Suggestions for this era are welcome.
If you don't want it in Renaissance, Paradise Lost. Or the folklore stories such as Tom Thumb and Dick Whittington.
Romanticism (1798-1832)
Frankenstein
"Kubla Khan" and "Ancient Mariner"
Possibly some Blake
Wordsworth and Coleridge's book Lyrical Ballads might be a good choice, just select a few of the poems from there. William Blake is always a good choice, however, I hate Frankenstein. How about Lord Byron and John Keats?
Victorian (1832-1900)
Dracula
The Faerie Queene
Maybe some Kipling
Maybe something by George Eliot? I don't like Dracula, I've never heard of the Faerie Queene but it's probably alright. OSCAR WILDE. OSCAR WILDE. OSCAR WILDE.
Modern (1900-1980)
The Hobbit
The Magician's Nephew
Nothing by James Joyce?
Contemporary (1980 to now)
Stardust
Harry Potter (maybe)
If you include Harry Potter I will fly over to wherever you are and boycott your course, missus. I've heard that David Mitchell is a fantastic author, try that.