[MENTION=11629]Ripper666[/MENTION] I can't explain it clearly, so I'm coping from wikipedia 😛
There are 5 years of primary school (6-11 years old), 3 years of lower secondary school (11-13), 5 years upper secondary school (14-19).
Primary school and lower secondary school are the same for everyone, but there are many kinds of upper secondary school. The main ones are:
-"Classic", which features Latin, Ancient Greek, Italian, History and Philosophy as its most important subjects.
-"Scientific", whose programme reminds in part that of Liceo Classico in teaching Italian, Latin, History and Philosophy, but is more oriented towards Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Natural Sciences.
-"Social sciences", where the emphasis is more on psychological, social and pedagogical topics, such as Pedagogy, cultural Anthropology, Psychology, Sociology and Law. (This is where I went)
-"Linguistic" puts emphasis on language learning and the languages usually taught are English, French, Spanish and German.
-"Artistic", which is oriented toward arts teaching - both in a theoretical (i.e. Art History) and practical (i.e. drawing sessions) way.
All of these have History, Phylosophy, Maths, Biology, English and Italian Literature but the emphasys is on the additional subjects.
Then there are:
-"Technical Institute" is more oriented toward practical subjects, such as aeronautics, business administration, computer science and chemistry.
-"Professional Institute" offers a form of secondary education oriented towards practical subjects and enables the students to start searching for a job as soon as they have completed their studies (3 years long usually) and is even more specific in terms of vocational course offerings than the Technical Institute. It does not grant access to University.
We cannot choose what subjects we want to take, and there are not different levels for the subjects. We choose what kind of school. The first two years of most schools are pretty much the same, the last 3 years are more diverse. It's pretty easy to switch schools especially in between the 2 and the 3 year if you understand that you don't like it.
We have the same "class group" throughout all upper seconday school. There are some changes because of people who don't pass the year so someone either leaves or enters the group but generally, after the first year in which many people get flunked, the "class group" is pretty much stable. Oh and professors change classrooms, not us 😛
Any kind of secondary school that lasts 5 years grants access to the final exam, called Maturity Exam. This exam takes place every year between June and July and grants access to University. The exam is written and oral and the result usually is important because access to some university courses are based on a test and the Maturity Exam result.
We don't have cliques like you. Sure there are some people that are more popular than others, but since we don't really have the tradition of schools like a place where to spend free time like in clubs or play sports we don't have cliques or groups of people labelled in a certain way. I'm not saying that we don't have bullying, just is a different kind. Oh and no uniforms.
Private schools are the minority, most people go to public ones that are really good. There are a lot of rumors about private schools, mostly regarding how easy the are and how easy is to get the final diploma. Public university are also very good and almost everyone goes there.
University also works in a different way I think but it's not the point of the thread. 🙂